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	<id>https://rosettapanglossia.longnow.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Kistane_Language_%28gru%29</id>
	<title>Kistane Language (gru) - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-10-16T18:15:45Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://rosettapanglossia.longnow.org/index.php?title=Kistane_Language_(gru)&amp;diff=40746&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Rosbot: New page:  &lt;table valign=top&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td valign=top align=left width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;      &lt;table valign=top&gt;         &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Also Known As:&lt;/b&gt; North Gurage,Soddo,Kistane,Soddo Gurage   &lt;b&gt;Description...</title>
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		<updated>2009-08-13T18:33:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;New page:  &amp;lt;table valign=top&amp;gt;   &amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;     &amp;lt;td valign=top align=left width=&amp;quot;50%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;      &amp;lt;table valign=top&amp;gt;         &amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Also Known As:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; North Gurage,Soddo,Kistane,Soddo Gurage   &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Description...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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        &amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Also Known As:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; North Gurage,Soddo,Kistane,Soddo Gurage&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Description:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Soddo (autonym kəstane &amp;quot;Christian&amp;quot;; formerly called Aymälläl in Western sources, after a particular dialect of it) is a Gurage language spoken by about 300,000 people in southeastern Ethiopia. It is a South Ethiopian Semitic language of the Northern Gurage subfamily.&lt;br /&gt;
As in most Ethiopian languages, noun qualifiers generally precede the noun.&lt;br /&gt;
The definite article is expressed by the suffix -i, e.g.: goš &amp;quot;boy&amp;quot; &amp;gt; goš-i &amp;quot;the boy&amp;quot;; ätit &amp;quot;sister&amp;quot; &amp;gt; ätiti &amp;quot;the sister&amp;quot;; bayyočč &amp;quot;children&amp;quot; &amp;gt; bayyočč-i. If the noun ends in -a or -ä, it normally loses this vowel when -i is suffixed: angačča &amp;quot;cat&amp;quot; &amp;gt; angačč-i &amp;quot;the cat&amp;quot;. A noun ending in -i usually stays the same: abi &amp;quot;(the) father, proprietor&amp;quot;. A noun ending in -e, -o, -u adds a y before the suffix: ge &amp;quot;house&amp;quot; &amp;gt; geʸi &amp;quot;the house&amp;quot;; wälläho &amp;quot;neighbor&amp;quot; &amp;gt; wällähoʸi &amp;quot;the neighbor&amp;quot;. If the noun has a qualifier, the article is used with the first element: maläk&amp;#039; ge &amp;quot;big house&amp;quot; &amp;gt; maläk&amp;#039;-i ge &amp;quot;the big house&amp;quot;; yä-šum-i ge &amp;quot;the house of the official&amp;quot; (lit. &amp;quot;of-official-the house&amp;quot;); yä-mät&amp;#039;t&amp;#039;-i məss &amp;quot;the man who came&amp;quot; (lit. &amp;quot;who-came-the man&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
There is no real indefinite article, though indefiniteness can be expressed by preposing the word attə or k&amp;#039;una,&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.html?curid=887082 ..... full article at Wikipedia]&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;h2&amp;gt;Location of Kistane Language Speakers&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
http://llmap.org/languages/gru/static_map.png?width=400&amp;amp;height=300&amp;amp;kilroywashere=.png&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;h2&amp;gt;Overview&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Main Country: &amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;[http://www.freebase.com/view/en/ethiopia Ethiopia]&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Spoken In: &amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Countries: &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;[http:///www.freebase.com/view/en/ethiopia Ethiopia] &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Regions: &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;[http:///www.freebase.com/view/en/africa Africa] &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;ISO 639-3 Code: &amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;gru&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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      &amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;h2&amp;gt;Classification Taxonomy&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[All Languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[Afro-Asiatic Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[Semitic Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[South Semitic Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[Ethiopian Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[South Ethiopian Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[Outer Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[n-Group Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;[[Kistane Language]]&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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__NOTOC__&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rosbot</name></author>
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